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CO₂ Emissions

Measure emissiones of CO₂ per kWh of energy produced, or emissions in g/km of your car. Enter the kWh produced by a year the nation’s electricity mix.

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Energy kWh	Electricity mix		CO2grammes/kWh		CO2 kg Emissions	CO2lb	TOE ton oil equivalent
Calculation of CO2 to produce electricity in kWh
CO2 emissions per kWh from electricity and heat
	North America Europe Asia Oceania OECD Total Non-OECD Total Canada Chile Mexico United States OECD Americas Australia Israel Japan Korea New Zealand OECD Asia Oceania Austria Belgium Czech Republic Denmark Estonia Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Ireland Italy Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Slovak Republic Slovenia Spain Sweden Switzerland Turkey United Kingdom OECD Europe Albania Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Bosnia and Herzegovina Bulgaria Croatia Cyprus Georgia Gibraltar Kazakhstan Kosovo Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania FYR of Macedonia Malta Republic of Moldova Montenegro Romania Russian Federation Serbia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Cameroon Congo Dem. Rep. of Congo Cote d Ivoire Egypt Eritrea Ethiopia Gabon Ghana Kenya Libya Morocco Mozambique Namibia Nigeria Senegal South Africa Sudan United Rep. of Tanzania Togo Tunisia Zambia Zimbabwe Other Africa Africa Bangladesh Brunei Darussalam Cambodia Chinese Taipei India Indonesia DPR of Korea Malaysia Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Pakistan Philippines Singapore Sri Lanka Thailand Vietnam Other Asia Asia People Rep. of China Hong Kong, China China Argentina Bolivia Brazil Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Dominican Republic Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Netherlands Antilles Nicaragua Panama Peru Trinidad and Tobago Uruguay Venezuela Other Non-OECD Americas Non-OECD Americas Bahrain Islamic Rep. of Iran Iraq Jordan Kuwait Lebanon Oman Qatar Saudi Arabia Syrian Arab Republic United Arab Emirates Yemen Middle East European Union - 27
Emissions of CO2, comparison between different energy sources
	Other bituminous coal Sub bituminous coal Lignite brown coal Patent fuel Natural gas
km	Transport: cars, vehicles		CO2 g/km		CO2 kilogram	CO2 pound
Calculation of CO2 emissions from the car
quantity	Fuel combustion		CO2 kg factor		CO2 kilogram	CO2 pound
How many kilograms of CO2 are emitted during combustion?
	Petrol (kg) Petrol (litre) Petrol (gal US) Diesel (kg) Diesel (litre) Diesel (gal US) LPG GPL (kg) LPG GPL (litre) Methane CNG (kg) Methanol (kg) Ethanol (kg) Ethanol (litre) Ethanol (gal US) Biodiesel C19H34O2 (l) Biodiesel C20H40O2 (l)
quantity	Unit	Fuel	Distance	Unit	CO2 g/km	CO2 lb/mi
Calculation of actual emissions in g/km on your car
	Litre gal US	Petrol Diesel LPG GPL		Km mile
CO2 Emis.	Unit		Distance	Unit	CO2 kilogram	CO2 pound
Calculation of CO2 emitted in the life or one year of your car
	g/Km lb/mi			Km mile

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Content

  CO₂ Emissions

  Emissions of CO₂ from transport vehicles

  How many kilograms of CO₂ are emitted during combustion?

  Calculation of actual emissions in g/km on your car

  Emissions of CO₂, comparison between different energy sources

  Grams CO₂ per kWh of electricity

  CO₂ emissions per kWh from electricity and heat

  Carbon footprint

  Comment

  References

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CO₂ Emissions

The production of one kWh electricity can be made using different energy sources, each source can be characterized by a factor that indicates how many kilograms of CO₂ are released into the atmosphere to produce 1 kWh electricity (these factors are changes that depend efficiency of the single station and the distribution network).
Some of the sources of energy are oil, natural gas, coal, municipal waste (thermal), enriched uranium (nuclear, gradients of water (hydroelectric), heat of the earth (geothermal), wind (wind), sun (photovoltaic, solar thermal), biomass, etc.
Every nation has a mix of power plants that use different energy sources, then the value of kg CO₂/kWh will be different for each country, this factor can be used to calculate the kg of CO₂ emissions avoided in the environment in the country where the equipment is installed PV.
gas CO₂ in the atmosphere is the main cause of global warming, which directly affects the ’ increase earth’s temperature and climate change related.

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Emissions of CO₂ from transport vehicles

To calculate the amount of CO₂ produced by their car in a year, simply multiply the distance traveled in kilometers for the value of emissions g/km of CO₂ your car.
In the car registration document in the data supplied by the manufacturer, you can find the data on emissions of anhydrite carbon dioxide (CO₂) in grams per kilometer produced, expressed in (g/km), these are referred to the combined cycle , the real value depends on the type of use and your riding style.
For example, if we travel with our car utilitarian 15000 km this year and produces 110 g/km in a year we emit into the atmosphere 1650 kg of CO₂, while an SUV with 230 g/km would have delivered 3450 kg of CO₂.
At this moment in Europe’s road transport accounts for 25% of CO₂ emissions to reduce air pollution, the most important factors are the average fuel consumption and fuel type.
The Biofuels instead of fossil fuel use the carbon in new organic material, then release CO₂ recently removed from the atmosphere (closed cycle), while fossil fuel burning released carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere millions of years ago, altering the balance exists.


Table 1:

Car type	Petrolium	Diesel	LPG GPL
Compact	138	120	95
Sedam small	171	135	120
Sedam medium	195	162	135
Sedam large	265	216	184
SUV	218	202	152
4x4 small	285	242	200
4x4 large	345	295	240

Table 2:

Fuel	Combustion formula	Density kg/l (lb/US gal)	CO2 kg/l (lb/US gal) emissiones
Petrol gasoline	2 C8H18 + 25 O2 --> 16 CO2 + 18 H2O + 2636 kcal	0.7197 kg/l (6.073 lb/gal)	2.3035 kg/l (19.24 lb/US gal)
Diesel	4 C12H23 + 71 O2 --> 48 CO2 + 46 H2O + energy	0.832 kg/l (6.943 lb/gal)	2.6256 kg/l (21.91 lb/US gal)
LPG GPL	C3H8 + 5 O2 --> 3CO2 + 4 H2O + 531 kcal	0.52 kg/l (4.34 lb/gal)	3.0 kg/l (25.04 lb/US gal)
Methane CNG (compressed natural gas) CH4	CH2 + 2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O + 891 kJ/mol	0.416 kg/l (3.47 lb/gal)	2.750 kg/l (22.95 lb/US gal)
Methanol CH3OH	CH2OH + 3/2 O2 --> CO2 + 2 H2O + energy	0.7918 kg/l (4.63 lb/gal)	1.375 kg/l (11.47 lb/US gal)
Ethanol C2H5OH	C2H5OH + 3 O2 --> 2 CO2 + 3 H2O + energy	0.789 kg/l (6.58 lb/gal)	1.506 kg/l (12.57 lb/US gal)
Biodiesel C19H34O2	C19H34O2 + (53/2) O2 --> 19 CO2 + 17 H2O + energy	0.889 kg/l (7.42 lb/gal)	2.839 kg/l (23.69 lb/US gal)
Biodiesel C20H40O2	C20H40O2 + 29 O2 --> 20 CO2 + 20 H20 + energy	0.884 kg/l (7.38 lb/gal)	2.816 kg/l (23.5 lb/US gal)

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How many kilograms of CO₂ are emitted during combustion?

If you do not know the value of g/km, another way to know the emissions of your vehicle is to measure the litres of fuel consumed. With a good approximation we can say that burning a litre of gasoline produces 2.3035 kg of CO₂ (more details are in Table 2), the value depends on the mixture of hydrocarbons and the engine, but does not vary much. The weight gain due to the fact that we have considered only the fuel, but we need to add oxygen in the combustion O₂.

Petrol gasoline, or benzin is composed of a mixture of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (an isomer of octane C₈H₁₈ [octane rating 100]) and n-heptane (C₇H₁₆ [octane rating 0]). Example of octane rating, petrol with the same knocking characteristics as a mixture of 95% iso-octane and 5% heptane would have an octane rating of 95.

Diesel is composed of about 75% saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including n, iso, and cycloparaffins), and 25% aromatic hydrocarbons (including naphthalenes and alkylbenzenes). The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C₁₂H₂₃, ranging approximately from C₁₀H₂₀ to C₁₅H₂₈.

Petrol (Gasoline): 2 C₈H₁₈ + 25 O₂ --> 16 CO₂ + 18 H₂O + energy
2 mol C₈H₁₈(114 g/mol) --> 16 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   2*114=228g --> 16*44=704g   =>   1000/228*704=3087.72g
1 kg of Petrol produce 3.088 kg of CO₂.
1 litre of Petrol produce 2.22 kg of CO₂.   (3087.72*0.7197=2224.64)

Diesel C₁₂H₂₃: 4 C₁₂H₂₃ + 71 O₂ --> 48 CO₂ + 46 H₂O + energy
4 mol C₅₀H₉₃(167.3121 g/mol) --> 48 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   4*167.3=669.25g --> 48*44=2112g   =>   1000/669.25*2112=3155.77g
1 kg of Diesel produce 3.16 kg of CO₂.
1 litre of Diesel produce 2.63 kg of CO₂.   (3155.8*0.832=2625.6)

Diesel C₅₀H₉₃: C₅₀H₉₃ + 193/4 O₂ --> 50 CO₂ + 93/2 H₂O + energy
1 mol C₅₀H₉₃(694.27342 g/mol) --> 50 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   694.27g --> 50*44=2200g   =>   1000/694.27*2200=3168.8g
1 kg of Diesel produce 3.17 kg of CO₂.
1 litre of Diesel produce 2.64 kg of CO₂.   (3168.8*0.832=2636.44)

LPG GPL: C₃H₈ + 5 O₂ --> 3 CO₂ + 4 H₂O + energy
1 mol C₃H₈(44 g/mol) --> 3 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   44g --> 3*44=132g   =>   1000/44*132=3000g
1 kg of LPG GPL produce 3 kg of CO₂.
1 litre of GPL produce 1.56 kg of CO₂.   (3000.0*0.52=1560.0)

Methane CNG (compressed natural gas): CH₄ + 2 O₂ --> CO₂ + 2 H₂O + energy
1 mol CH₄(16 g/mol) --> 1 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   16g --> 44g   =>   1000/16*44=2750g
1 kg of Methane produce 2.75 kg of CO₂.

Methanol: CH₃OH + 3/2 O₂ --> CO₂ + 2 H₂O + energy
1 mol CH₃OH(32 g/mol) --> 1 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   32g --> 44g   =>   1000/32*44=1375g
1 kg of Methanol produce 1.38 kg of CO₂.

Ethanol: C₂H₅OH + 3 O₂ --> 2 CO₂ + 3 H₂O + energy
1 mol C₂H₅OH(46 g/mol) --> 2 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   46g --> 88g   =>   1000/46*88=1913.04g
1 kg of Ethanol produce 1.91 kg of CO₂.
1 litre of Ethanol produce 1.51 kg of CO₂.   (1913.04*0.789=1509.4)

Biodiesel Methyl Linoleate: C₁₉H₃₄O₂ + (53/2) O₂ --> 19 CO₂ + 17 H₂O + energy
1 mol C₁₉H₃₄O₂(294.4739 g/mol) --> 19 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   294.4739g --> 836g   =>   1000/294.4739*836=2839g
1 kg of Biodiesel C₁₉H₃₄O₂ produce 2.84 kg of CO₂.
1 litre of Biodiesel C₁₉H₃₄O₂ produce 2.524 kg of CO₂.   (2839*0.889=2524)

Biodiesel Ethyl Stearate: C₂₀H₄₀O₂ + 29 O₂ --> 20 CO₂ + 20 H₂₀ + energy
1 mol C₂₀H₄₀O₂(312.5323 g/mol) --> 20 mol CO₂(44 g/mol)   =>   312.5323g --> 880g   =>   1000/312.5323*880=2816g
1 kg of Biodiesel C₂₀H₄₀O₂ produce 2.82 kg of CO₂.
1 litre of Biodiesel C₂₀H₄₀O₂ produce 2.489 kg of CO₂.   (2816*0.884=2489)

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Calculation of actual emissions in g/km on your car

Emissions from transport vehicles (cars, motorcycles, trucks, buses, etc.) depend on the fuel type and above the average consumer.
Burning fuel produces carbon dioxide and water and not exist a pot that can reduce its value, so it's important to choose cars with lower fuel consumption.
The emission data provided by the car manufacturers refer to standard reproducible tests, but to get the exact and real data you should use the converter on it.

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Emissions of CO₂, comparison between different energy sources

These data represent the average kg CO₂ emitted to produce one kWh of electricity and heat using various energy sources, the data vary depending on the performance of power plants.

	Fuel	CO2 g/kWh
1	Other bituminous coal	840
2	Sub bituminous coal	930
3	Lignite brown coal	950
4	Patent fuel	860
5	Natural gas	380

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Grams CO₂ per kWh of electricity

The grams of CO₂ emitted per kWh electricity produced, depending on the mix of energy sources used to produce electricity.

	Country	CO2 g/kWhel
1	USA	535
2	Germany	565
3	Italy	531

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CO₂ emissions per kWh from electricity and heat

The emission of carbon anhydrite grammes CO₂ per kWh electricity produced, varies greatly among nations and depends on the mix of energy sources used to produce energy.
CO₂ emissions per kWh from electricity and heat generation, consider the CO₂ emissions from fossil fuels consumed for electricity, combined heat and power and main activity heat plants divided by the output of electricity and heat generated from fossil fuels, nuclear, hydro (excl. pumped storage), geothermal, solar and biomass. Both main activity producers and autoproducers have been included in the calculation of the emissions.
If we considered only the production of electricity (no heat) values will be greater.

CO₂ g/kWhel
Source: International Energy Agency (IEA)

	2010 World	528.6578
1	North America	481.1105
2	Europe	290.3229
3	Asia Oceania	481.2633
4	OECD Total	433.4404
5	Non-OECD Total	627.6285
6	Canada	186.4102
7	Chile	409.6667
8	Mexico	454.8341
9	United States	522.2489
10	OECD Americas	478.9499
11	Australia	840.9243
12	Israel	688.9622
13	Japan	416.4083
14	Korea	533.0734
15	New Zealand	150.2037
16	OECD Asia Oceania	500.5803
17	Austria	187.8844
18	Belgium	219.5577
19	Czech Republic	589.0224
20	Denmark	359.6725
21	Estonia	1014.1421
22	Finland	229.4806
23	France	79.0921
24	Germany	460.8882
25	Greece	718.2638
26	Hungary	317.0834
27	Iceland	0.183
28	Ireland	458.0438
29	Italy	406.309
30	Luxembourg	409.8438
31	Netherlands	414.8527
32	Norway	16.6943
33	Poland	781.3546
34	Portugal	255.3142
35	Slovak Republic	197.0439
36	Slovenia	324.905
37	Spain	237.978
38	Sweden	29.5724
39	Switzerland	27.3076
40	Turkey	459.5982
41	United Kingdom	457.3677
42	OECD Europe	330.8274
43	Albania	2.1454
44	Armenia	92.2454
45	Azerbaijan	438.7715
46	Belarus	449.417
47	Bosnia and Herzegovina	722.9657
48	Bulgaria	535.4592
49	Croatia	236.3674
50	Cyprus	697.0775
51	Georgia	68.7419
52	Gibraltar	761.6045
53	Kazakhstan	403.2982
54	Kosovo	1287.4872
55	Kyrgyzstan	59.1458
56	Latvia	119.7106
57	Lithuania	337.4069
58	FYR of Macedonia	685.2519
59	Malta	872.318
60	Republic of Moldova	517.4757
61	Montenegro	405.3279
62	Romania	413.4417
63	Russian Federation	383.6011
64	Serbia	717.79
65	Tajikistan	14.2945
66	Turkmenistan	953.5463
67	Ukraine	391.6536
68	Uzbekistan	549.8789
69	Non-OECD Europe and Eurasia	407.3174
70	Algeria	547.8543
71	Angola	440.0713
72	Benin	719.6667
73	Botswana	2517.4792
74	Cameroon	207.1761
75	Congo	142.2236
76	Dem. Rep. of Congo	2.9137
77	Cote d Ivoire	445.3024
78	Egypt	449.8728
79	Eritrea	646.3087
80	Ethiopia	7.0129
81	Gabon	383.013
82	Ghana	259.3119
83	Kenya	274.1183
84	Libya	885.4182
85	Morocco	717.7742
86	Mozambique	0.6478
87	Namibia	196.7547
88	Nigeria	404.9281
89	Senegal	636.9345
90	South Africa	926.5368
91	Sudan	343.5045
92	United Rep. of Tanzania	329.3565
93	Togo	195.3692
94	Tunisia	462.6968
95	Zambia	2.6825
96	Zimbabwe	660.1912
97	Other Africa	476.5313
98	Africa	637.4079
99	Bangladesh	592.6142
100	Brunei Darussalam	716.8446
101	Cambodia	803.7525
102	Chinese Taipei	623.8011
103	India	912.3916
104	Indonesia	709.077
105	DPR of Korea	465.082
106	Malaysia	727.3757
107	Mongolia	948.5164
108	Myanmar	261.9749
109	Nepal	1.0558
110	Pakistan	424.6646
111	Philippines	481.0007
112	Singapore	499.4506
113	Sri Lanka	378.9083
114	Thailand	512.8868
115	Vietnam	431.6169
116	Other Asia	295.6907
117	Asia	728.2247
118	People Rep. of China	766.4654
119	Hong Kong, China	723.4259
120	China	766.0941
121	Argentina	366.9635
122	Bolivia	422.6551
123	Brazil	86.7654
124	Colombia	175.737
125	Costa Rica	55.7064
126	Cuba	1011.7124
127	Dominican Republic	589.3417
128	Ecuador	388.559
129	El Salvador	223.059
130	Guatemala	285.6792
131	Haiti	537.6167
132	Honduras	331.8396
133	Jamaica	710.6934
134	Netherlands Antilles	707.0551
135	Nicaragua	460.0844
136	Panama	297.8238
137	Peru	289.0675
138	Trinidad and Tobago	699.6519
139	Uruguay	80.9884
140	Venezuela	264.3765
141	Other Non-OECD Americas	252.2551
142	Non-OECD Americas	196.5435
143	Bahrain	639.8849
144	Islamic Rep. of Iran	564.6244
145	Iraq	1002.8367
146	Jordan	565.5062
147	Kuwait	842.0723
148	Lebanon	708.8088
149	Oman	793.6521
150	Qatar	494.0038
151	Saudi Arabia	736.7833
152	Syrian Arab Republic	594.338
153	United Arab Emirates	597.8194
154	Yemen	654.8022
155	Middle East	674.2195
156	European Union - 27	347.2322

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Carbon footprint

A carbon footprint, is the total mix of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced by human activity, such as the creation of a product, electricity, heat, trip, event or food. The unit measure used is carbon dioxide equivalent (CO₂e) or 100-year global warming potential (GWP100).
The calculation of the carbon footprint depends on many factors, for example the same object produced in a different way can have two footprints completely different.

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References

iea.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrol
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_fuel

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